⚗️ Normality Calculator
Convert molarity to normality by entering the solution’s molarity and the number of equivalents (n-factor) per mole of solute.
What Is Normality?
Normality (N) expresses the concentration of a solution in terms of gram-equivalents of solute per liter of solution. It is closely related to molarity but accounts for the number of reactive units (such as replaceable hydrogen ions in an acid, hydroxide ions in a base, or electrons transferred in a redox reaction) each mole of solute provides.
The Formula
Normality is calculated as: N = Molarity × n-factor, where the n-factor is the number of equivalents contributed by one mole of the substance (for example, n = 2 for H₂SO₄ because it can donate two protons).
- Enter the molarity of the solution in mol/L.
- Enter the correct n-factor for the reaction or species involved.
Because the n-factor depends on the specific reaction (acid-base, redox, or precipitation), double-check it against your reaction equation. This calculator is provided for general chemistry education and planning purposes.