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💧 Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) Calculator

Calculate the 5-day Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) of a water sample from dissolved oxygen readings, a key indicator of organic pollution in water quality testing.

mg/L
mg/L
%

What is Biological Oxygen Demand?

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) measures how much dissolved oxygen microorganisms consume while breaking down organic matter in a water sample over a set incubation period, usually 5 days (BOD5). Higher BOD generally indicates more organic pollution and less oxygen available for aquatic life.

How this calculator works

The standard BOD5 test compares dissolved oxygen (DO) in a diluted sample immediately after preparation (Day 0) to DO after 5 days of dark incubation at 20°C (Day 5). The calculator uses the standard formula:

  • BOD5 = (D1 – D2) / P
  • D1 = initial dissolved oxygen (mg/L)
  • D2 = dissolved oxygen after 5 days (mg/L)
  • P = decimal fraction of the bottle volume that is sample (dilution factor)

Enter your Day 0 and Day 5 DO readings and the percentage of the bottle that was actual sample (the rest being dilution water). This tool is intended for general water-quality education and field-monitoring reference. Laboratory testing following standard methods (such as APHA Standard Methods) should be used for regulatory or official reporting.

Last reviewed August 2026