What a forward converter does
A forward converter is an isolated switching power supply topology that transfers energy through a transformer while the switch is on, similar to a transformer-coupled buck converter. It is common for low to medium power applications needing tight regulation.
The formula used
For an ideal forward converter, Vout = Vin × D × n, where D is the switch duty cycle and n is the secondary-to-primary turns ratio (Ns/Np). Rearranged, D = Vout / (Vin × n). A common single-switch forward converter design with a simple reset winding requires the duty cycle to stay below 50% so the transformer core can fully reset each cycle.
This calculator ignores diode drops, leakage inductance and losses, so real circuits will need a slightly higher duty cycle than this ideal estimate. It is meant for general electronics planning and education, not a substitute for full converter design and simulation.