💎 Bragg’s Law Calculator
Use Bragg’s Law to relate X-ray wavelength, crystal interplanar spacing, and diffraction angle for crystallography.
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What Bragg’s Law describes
Bragg’s Law explains how X-rays diffract off the regularly spaced atomic planes inside a crystal, producing constructive interference at specific angles. It’s the basis of X-ray crystallography used to determine crystal structures.
The formula
Bragg’s Law states: nλ = 2d·sin(θ), where n is the diffraction order (a positive integer), λ is the X-ray wavelength, d is the spacing between atomic planes, and θ is the angle of incidence measured from the plane. This calculator solves for θ given λ, d, and n; if nλ/(2d) exceeds 1, no diffraction angle exists for those inputs.
This calculator is for general physics and materials science education.
Last reviewed August 2026