🎵 Semitone Calculator
Enter a starting frequency and a number of semitones (positive to go up, negative to go down) to find the new pitch.
What this calculator does
In standard 12-tone equal temperament tuning, every semitone step multiplies frequency by the same fixed ratio. This calculator shifts a starting frequency up or down by any number of semitones.
How the calculation works
The new frequency equals the starting frequency multiplied by 2 raised to the power of (semitones ÷ 12): f₁ = f₀ × 2n/12. Twelve semitones equal one octave, which doubles the frequency, and each individual semitone is a ratio of the twelfth root of two (about 1.0595).
Use a negative semitone value to shift the pitch down. This calculator assumes standard equal-temperament tuning, which is used by nearly all modern keyboard and fretted instruments.