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Impulse and Momentum Calculator
Calculate the impulse applied to an object and its change in momentum from mass and initial and final velocity.
kg
m/s
m/s
s
What impulse and momentum measure
Momentum (p = m·v) describes the quantity of motion an object has. Impulse is the change in momentum caused by a force acting over a period of time, expressed as J = Δp = m·(v_final − v_initial).
How this calculator works
Enter the object’s mass, its initial and final velocity, and the time over which the change occurs. The calculator finds the impulse as mass times the change in velocity, and, using the contact time, estimates the average force applied via the impulse-momentum theorem F_avg = J/t.
This treats mass as constant and force as acting along a single line of motion. For general physics education purposes.
Last reviewed August 2026